Tinnitus: causes and solutions

Tinnitus — phantom sounds perceived without any external source — affects around 15 % of the French population. Ringing, buzzing, tinkling: every case is unique. Understanding the origin of tinnitus is the first step towards effective management.

1. What is tinnitus?

Tinnitus is a sound sensation perceived in one or both ears, without any external source producing that sound. It may be constant or intermittent, low-pitched or high-pitched, mild or debilitating. There are two main types:

Subjective tinnitus, by far the most common, is only perceived by the patient. It results from abnormal activity in the auditory system or auditory nerve.

Objective tinnitus, much rarer, can be heard by an examiner. It is often linked to vascular or muscular abnormalities.

2. Main causes

Tinnitus is not a disease in itself but a symptom of an underlying dysfunction. Among the most common causes:

Noise exposure is the leading cause in younger adults. A concert, a construction site, or a sudden loud noise can permanently damage the hair cells of the cochlea.

Presbycusis (age-related hearing loss) is frequently accompanied by tinnitus. Both conditions often occur together after the age of 60.

Ear conditions such as earwax blockage, otitis, Ménière’s disease or otosclerosis can trigger or worsen tinnitus.

Certain medications known as ototoxic drugs (including some antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs or chemotherapy agents) can cause tinnitus, sometimes reversible when treatment is stopped.

Stress and fatigue are not direct causes but significantly worsen the perception of existing tinnitus.

3. Diagnosis and assessment

Management begins with a comprehensive hearing assessment. Your audiologist evaluates the nature of the tinnitus (frequency, intensity, level of impact) using specific audiometric tests. This assessment is essential to guide treatment.

An ENT consultation is also often recommended to rule out any treatable organic cause (tumour, vascular abnormality, middle ear condition).

4. Available solutions

There is currently no treatment that can permanently eliminate tinnitus. However, several approaches can help reduce daily discomfort. Depending on the situation, hearing aids, sound therapy, psychological support or relaxation techniques may be considered. Management is always personalised and adapted to each patient’s profile. When tinnitus is accompanied by hearing loss — which is common — hearing aids are often the first step and can contribute significantly to improving quality of life.

The association France Acouphènes also offers resources, a documentation centre and support groups for people affected by tinnitus.

5. Prevention and daily advice

Protecting your hearing remains the best way to prevent tinnitus. Wear appropriate hearing protection in noisy environments (concerts, construction sites, workshops). Limit headphone use to 60 % of maximum volume, and have your hearing assessed regularly, especially if you are exposed to occupational noise.

If you already experience tinnitus, do not ignore it. The earlier treatment begins, the greater the chances of improvement.

6. Care in Aigre (Charente)

The Son Pour Son clinic, located at the Maison de Santé Départementale in Aigre (16140), welcomes you to assess your hearing and discuss your tinnitus. Elea MANE, State-Registered Audiologist, will then guide you towards the solutions best suited to your situation.

The screening is free and with no commitment. If audiological management is indicated, a minimum 30-day trial period allows you to test the device in your daily life before making any decision.